Ran across this excellent report by the Electronic Frontier Foundation on threats to locational privacy–your ability to control information about where you are and where you go.
This is a good example of technology creating an issue that we never really had to think about before. Used to be it was difficult for even a dedicated sleuth to know where a particular person was at any given moment. (An example that leaps to mind: detective stories are full of scenes where the protagonist goes to the target’s neighborhood and asks around the local bars, looking for him.)
But now, many of us are carrying around devices that broadcast information about our location to anyone who cares to look. iPhones and other smartphones know roughly where they are by checking for nearby cell towers; people who have to pay tolls regularly can get devices for their cars that talk to the toll gate and debit an account; and many people deliberately reveal their location to search for nearby businesses or to make themselves findable by their friends. These services are useful, but they also make it far easier for us to be found, or to have our movements tracked, when there’s no good reason to do so.
For example, since most with toll passes don’t turn them off (or even have the ability to do so), some police departments with a flexible notion of civil liberties have taken to passively scanning various locations to collect information about who drives by. Street-corner cameras with facial recognition software allow the same kind of tracking for pedestrians. And transit cards, if they’re individually identifiable, allow anyone with access to the data to reconstruct a person’s route through a city. Usually, these systems have little or no privacy controls built in to them.
Not to mention what a sufficiently motivated individual might do, just with some clever searching. In January, Wired magazine put out this article in which their writer tried out a number of location-aware apps. At one point, he watched a random woman taking a photo in a park with her iPhone. Using the time and location, he was able to find the photo later on Flickr, and from the geotags on her photos he was able to deduce her home address. The usefulness to stalkers should be obvious.
Not that I think these apps are necessarily a bad thing; they just have to be used with a bit of thought. The solution, I believe, is simply to educate people about the privacy implications of their activities, so that they can make good decisions about what data they put out there.
Personally, I don’t yet have a camera that uses geotagging, but when I do, I plan on turning it off by default, and then turning it on only for shots I want to be locatable. And you can bet that if I ever have a FasTrak pass, I’ll figure out how to turn it off when I’m not near a bridge.
